Some CNDP networks retained parallel command structures. Human Rights Watch found most were summarily executed by CNDP forces. HRW 23 Mar 2009 Goma; DRC and CNDP CNDP agreed to transform into a political party and integrate personnel CNDP Laurent Nkunda’s North Kivu rebellion, later linked to Bosco Ntaganda. CNDP and the first M23 rebellion UN experts reported Rwandan-linked CNDP recruitment and support in 2008

Rwanda has consistently backed proxy militias to defend its interests in eastern DRC, including the RCD, CNDP Rwanda has consistently backed proxy militias to defend its interests in eastern DRC, including the RCD, CNDP

ADVERTISEMENT Human rights oversight and judicial process The National Human Rights Commission (CNDH) The CNDH has announced it will deploy dedicated teams to follow all hearings once they formally begin

The Civilians For decades, eastern Congo has suffered under shifting banners of rebellion, AFDL, RCD, CNDP The Civilians For decades, eastern Congo has suffered under shifting banners of rebellion, AFDL, RCD, CNDP

peace deal between the Congolese government and the National Congress for the Defence of the People (CNDP In 2012, former CNDP fighters mutinied, took the name M23 in reference to that agreement, and seized peace deal between the Congolese government and the National Congress for the Defence of the People (CNDP In 2012, former CNDP fighters mutinied, took the name M23 in reference to that agreement, and seized

From the AFDL (Rwanda's "first son" in the late 1990s) to the RCD, CNDP, and now the resurgent M23 (with From the AFDL (Rwanda's "first son" in the late 1990s) to the RCD, CNDP, and now the resurgent M23 (with

peace agreement between the DRC government and the National Congress for the Defence of the People (CNDP Former CNDP fighters, integrated into the Congolese army (FARDC) after that deal, mutinied in 2012, accusing peace agreement between the DRC government and the National Congress for the Defence of the People (CNDP Former CNDP fighters, integrated into the Congolese army (FARDC) after that deal, mutinied in 2012, accusing

The historical sequence is familiar: AFDL, RCD, CNDP, M23, AFC/M23 and now FRN. The historical sequence is familiar: AFDL, RCD, CNDP, M23, AFC/M23 and now FRN.

analysis by the Africa Center for Strategic Studies explains that the M23 was formed by ex‑members of the CNDP Impunity has allowed perpetrators to regroup under new banners, FNL, CNDP, M23, while regional leaders

The AFDL helped overthrow Mobutu in 1997; the RCD emerged in a different war; the CNDP later became influential

Congo's UN representative subsequently reported that CNRD, FPP and RUD had accepted the voluntary process

Burundi has been under CNDD-FDD party rule since 2005.