DRC and M23 Sign Peace Declaration in Qatar to End Conflict

After many years of bloodshed and suffering in eastern Congo, a new peace effort is taking shape. On Saturday, July 20, 2025, in Doha, the government of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and the M23 rebel group signed a Declaration of Principles aimed at ending the fighting and starting a national healing process. This historic signing, backed by both the United States and Qatar, brings hope to millions of Congolese citizens affected by the war.

The document confirms that both sides believe peace is the only solution. They have agreed to establish a joint team to oversee the ceasefire. The declaration also promises the release of prisoners and allows displaced families and refugees to return to their homes safely and with dignity.

But the process does not stop there. The Doha Declaration outlines a second phase of direct dialogue between the government and M23. These future talks will focus on solving the root causes of the conflict. Leaders from both sides say they are committed to promoting peace, human rights, national development, and restoring security across the region.

This diplomatic breakthrough follows the June 27 peace agreement signed in Washington between Kinshasa and Kigali. That deal, brokered by former U.S. President Donald Trump, laid the foundation for regional calm and introduced the threat of sanctions against anyone who breaks their promises. The Doha talks are a continuation of that momentum.

Still, the road to peace has been far from easy. In April, disagreements over the legitimacy of the Congolese delegation threatened to collapse the talks. In June, M23 delegates walked out of negotiations, complaining about international arrest warrants against their leaders and a lack of recognition. All of this happened while the war in the east was getting worse. Since January 2025, M23 has captured Goma, Bukavu, and several other towns in Masisi, Rutshuru, Walikale, and Kamanyola. The humanitarian situation has become critical, with more than 600,000 people displaced, according to humanitarian agencies.

The new declaration in Doha comes at a time of international urgency. The United States and Qatar increased pressure on both parties to find a path forward. For the first time in many months, a real chance at peace is on the table. The declaration outlines that within ten days, both sides must begin working on a final agreement. That deal is expected to include the disarmament and reintegration of fighters, the return of government institutions to occupied areas, justice for victims, and long-term security arrangements.

Government spokesman Patrick Muyaya posted on X that the declaration respects all of Congo’s red lines. These include the non-negotiable withdrawal of M23 from all occupied territory and the return of Congolese state authority, including the army, police, courts, and local administrations. He emphasized that the process is firmly rooted in the DRC Constitution, international law, and United Nations Security Council resolutions, especially UN Resolution 2773.

The African Union also praised the deal, calling it “a major milestone” in efforts to achieve peace and security across the Great Lakes region. International observers say the DRC’s willingness to engage in dialogue while defending its sovereignty is a positive step forward, one that could bring real change if followed by strong action.

Back in March, Qatar helped open the door by organizing a surprise meeting between President Félix Tshisekedi and Rwandan President Paul Kagame. They agreed to an immediate ceasefire, which led to the first round of direct talks between the DRC and M23. At the time, the DRC had refused to talk with M23, labeling it a terrorist group. But under growing international support and pressure, the situation shifted.

Some issues remain unresolved. The declaration does not give details on when Rwandan troops or M23 forces will leave eastern Congo. However, it does confirm that the DRC government must regain full control of its territory before peace can be declared.

The next few weeks will determine whether this effort leads to true peace or another missed opportunity. For the people of Congo, who have endured decades of war, the hope is clear: this time, the peace must be real, lasting, and fair.