Kenya will reopen its border with Somalia in April nearly 15 years after shutting it while deploying additional security forces to ensure the move does not compromise public safety, President William Ruto has said. The government plans to reopen two official crossings following “years of security assessments,” according to the president.

The border was closed in October 2011 after a wave of attacks blamed on al-Shabab, the Somalia-based Islamist militant group linked to al-Qaeda. Kenyan authorities have long argued that the frontier remote and difficult to police can be exploited for militant infiltration and the movement of illicit weapons and contraband.

Why the border has remained shut

Kenya’s closure followed its military incursion into Somalia in 2011, launched to push al-Shabab away from the border and reduce cross-border attacks. Kenyan forces later operated under the African Union mission in Somalia, where Kenya remains a key troop contributor.

Al-Shabab has carried out some of Kenya’s deadliest attacks in the past decade, including the 2013 Westgate mall assault in Nairobi and the 2015 Garissa University attack. These incidents continue to shape the political and security sensitivity around reopening the frontier, particularly in Kenya’s North Eastern region.

Heavy deployment and “structured” reopening

President Ruto said the reopening would be accompanied by a “heavy deployment” of security personnel, describing the plan as the result of extensive assessments. The administration has previously floated reopening plans, including in 2023, but renewed attacks and insecurity delayed implementation.

The decision also reflects local economic and social pressures, especially in Mandera and other border communities where families, traders, and transporters have been cut off from cross-border movement. In comments shared publicly, Ruto said it was unacceptable for residents to remain separated from relatives and neighbors across the boundary, and argued that reopening would support cross-border trade.

Security backdrop inside Somalia

Ruto’s announcement comes amid continued debate over Somalia’s security trajectory. A recent assessment by the Mogadishu-based Hiraal Institute described al-Shabab as resilient, with the group adapting tactically and recovering territory in parts of central Somalia after losing ground during a major offensive in 2022. Analysts quoted in the reporting warned that Somalia’s counter-offensive has faced structural constraints, including force sustainability and a lack of long-term consolidation strategy.