The Democratic Republic of Congo’s army has announced that 41 senior officers will face questioning over the repeated defeats of government forces at the hands of the M23 rebel group.

According to army spokesman Maj. Gen. Sylvain Ekenge, those summoned include 35 generals and 6 colonels. The process covers officers who have held command roles since June 2022, when M23 captured the border town of Bunagana.

Ekenge said the aim is to determine the responsibility of each officer in the army’s failures on the battlefield.

The move comes at a tense moment, as both the government and M23 accuse each other of violating a ceasefire. Mediation efforts are continuing in Qatar, but the fighting in North Kivu shows no sign of stopping.

Last year, a military court in eastern Congo sentenced 25 soldiers to death for “fleeing the enemy” during clashes with M23. The harsh sentences highlighted Kinshasa’s frustration with repeated military setbacks.

M23’s Gains Since 2021

The M23 rebellion, revived in late 2021, has seized large swathes of territory in eastern Congo.

Earlier this year, the group captured Goma and Bukavu, two provincial capitals, a major blow to government control.

The United Nations, the Congolese government, and independent researchers have accused Rwanda of backing the M23 with troops and weapons. Kigali denies the claims, but the allegations remain at the center of regional tensions.

For Kinshasa, summoning generals is a way of showing that military accountability matters. But critics warn it also reflects deep cracks inside the Congolese army, which struggles with discipline, corruption, and lack of resources.