Rubaya coltan production exceeded 120 tonnes per month, with M23 reportedly collecting $4/kg on coltan

Niobium mine in Lueshe/Somikivu (Rutshuru territory, near Kishishe) and the Coltan and Tourmaline mine in Rubaya Niobium mine in Lueshe/Somikivu (Rutshuru territory, near Kishishe) and the Coltan and Tourmaline mine in Rubaya

Justice & Crime Local reports say FARDC retook the mining hub; AP confirms M23 spokesman killed nearby Rubaya

The UN report outlines a clear pattern: coltan, gold, and cassiterite are extracted in sites like Rubaya Justice & Crime Rubaya drone strikes shift North Kivu battlefield as M23 leader killed . 2025 UN Report Justice & Crime Rubaya drone strikes shift North Kivu battlefield as M23 leader killed Local reports

Rubaya and the value of coltan taxation The Rubaya mining area in North Kivu is central to understanding M23 seized Rubaya in 2024. The experts estimated that M23 collected approximately $800,000 per month from levies on Rubaya’s coltan The UN Group of Experts documented coltan from Rubaya entering Rwanda and mixing with Rwandan production

military spokesperson Willy Ngoma was killed in a separate drone attack near the strategic mining town of Rubaya military spokesperson Willy Ngoma was killed in a separate drone attack near the strategic mining town of Rubaya

Communications in the nearby mining hub of Rubaya were cut for a day after drone and artillery strikes Communications in the nearby mining hub of Rubaya were cut for a day after drone and artillery strikes

Rwanda today occupies the mines of Rubaya. Rwanda today occupies the mines of Rubaya.

issued a statement on X and relayed by news sit e 7sur7.cd saying that no French troops are deployed in Rubaya issued a statement on X and relayed by news sit e 7sur7.cd saying that no French troops are deployed in Rubaya

Around Rubaya, the report says coltan production in AFC/M23-controlled areas exceeded previous estimates The report says minerals from Rubaya and other Masisi sites were smuggled into Rwanda through controlled report says it built a parallel administration in places under its control, including Goma, Bukavu and Rubaya

Wild Life Rubaya drone strikes shift North Kivu battlefield as M23 leader killed . Justice & Crime Rubaya drone strikes shift North Kivu battlefield as M23 leader killed Local reports

Justice & Crime Rubaya drone strikes shift North Kivu battlefield as M23 leader killed . 2025 UN Report Justice & Crime Rubaya drone strikes shift North Kivu battlefield as M23 leader killed Local reports