On Wednesday, South Africa’s National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) confirmed it will reopen an inquest into one of the most painful cases of the apartheid era – the death of Black Consciousness leader Steve Bantu Biko.

Biko died on 12 September 1977 at the age of 30 after being detained under apartheid’s notorious security laws. Police officers assaulted him during interrogation, leaving him in a coma. He later succumbed to his injuries in a prison cell. His death shocked the world and turned him into an international symbol of resistance against racial oppression.

Nearly 48 years later, his family and supporters hope the new process will finally answer unresolved questions and assign responsibility for his killing.

Why reopen the case now?

The original 1977 inquest accepted police claims that Biko hit his head against a cell wall, and no officer was ever prosecuted. Two decades later, former policemen admitted before the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) that they assaulted him. Still, they were denied amnesty for lying and failing to prove a political motive. These hearings exposed the brutality of apartheid policing but still left the family without justice.

The NPA now says the goal of the new inquest is to put all available evidence before a judge to determine if Biko’s death resulted from criminal acts or negligence. The hearing is set to begin on 12 September 2025, the 48th anniversary of his death. It also forms part of a wider effort to revisit unresolved apartheid-era murders, including the recent inquest into the killings of the “Cradock Four” in 1985.

Who was Steve Biko?

Steve Biko founded the Black Consciousness Movement, which encouraged Black South Africans to reject internalized racism and embrace pride in their identity. His ideas inspired a generation of activists, making him a prime target for the apartheid state.

In August 1977, Biko was arrested for breaking his banning order. After hours of interrogation and severe beatings, he sustained a fatal brain injury. He was transported without medical care to Pretoria, where he died naked on a cell floor.

Biko’s story resonated worldwide. Peter Gabriel immortalized him in the song Biko, and Richard Attenborough’s film Cry Freedom introduced global audiences to his struggle.